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English Defence League
The English Defence League (EDL) is a far-right〔 street protest movement which focuses on opposition to what it considers to be a spread of Islamism and Sharia in the United Kingdom.〔〔 The EDL has been described as Islamophobic.〔〔(Britain's fascists in a right state ). Retrieved 15 June 2012〕 The group has faced confrontations with various groups, including Unite Against Fascism (UAF).〔Gunning (2010): pp 151–152
Morey, Peter; Yaqin, Amina. (2011). (''Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and Representation After 9/11'' ). Harvard University Press. p. 215.〕 In October 2013 the group's co-founders, Tommy Robinson and Kevin Carroll, left the group, with Robinson citing concerns over the "dangers of far-right extremism".〔(EDL leader Tommy Robinson quits group ) retrieved 22 October 2013〕 He was replaced as leader by Tim Ablitt.
==Formation and aims==
The EDL originated from a group known as the "United Peoples of Luton" (UPL). The UPL had been formed in response to a demonstration organised by the extremist Islamist organisation, Al-Muhajiroun, against the war in Afghanistan, held in March 2009 as the Royal Anglian Regiment marched through Luton after a tour of duty in the Helmand province campaign.〔 When the Luton counter-demonstration led to arrests, local football supporters, according to a BBC News report, "decided something should be done" and "found common cause with other 'soccer casuals' and 'firms' associated with major clubs. The chatter concluded that (extremism ) was a national problem and they had to put aside club rivalries."〔 EDL's original leader, Stephen Yaxley-Lennon, known as 'Tommy Robinson' (taking his assumed name from the author of two books about the Luton Town MIGs football hooligan firm), recalled that he had been prompted to found the organisation after he had read in a newspaper about a group of local Islamists attempting to recruit men outside a local bakery in Luton to fight for the Taliban in Afghanistan: "I was like, they can't do that! In working class communities, we all know somebody in the armed forces. I've got a mate who lost his legs. And these lot were sending people to kill our boys."
Although Robinson repeatedly insisted from the early days of the organisation that the EDL was "against the rise of radical Islam" and that its members "aren't against Islam", its rank-and-file were noted for including football hooligans and members who described themselves as anti-Muslim.〔〔 Robinson reportedly considered forming the EDL into a political party. In November 2011, the EDL formed an alliance with an offshoot of the British National Party (BNP), known as the British Freedom Party (BFP), under which EDL members would be invited to join and stand as candidates in elections. Another senior member is Alan Lake, who has been described as the EDL's chief financier, which Lake denies. In January 2012, Tommy Robinson expressed a wish to expand the definition of the EDL to a wider European Defence League.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/europe/120119/the-anti-islam-english-defense-league-plans-massive-european-ral )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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